Naxon Labs

Neurotechnology is here, for everyone, and the ecosystems is growing. We aim to explore the frontiers of the brain, measuring emotions and simplifying brain-computer applications. As a team of professionals in the areas of cognitive neuroscience, psychology, neurophysiology, medicine, computer engineering and information technology, we have been connecting with many stakeholders in the world, looking to promote the use of neurotechnology making it easy and in an affordable way. This brings a growing ecosystem where Naxon Labs is involved and aims to grow significantly. We bring some examples in this note. After several brainstorming sessions about how neuroscience and artificial intelligence could converge, in 2019 Naxon Labs thought in starting with the creation of Naxon Explorer, an affordable and useful tool and neurofeedback system for researchers in neuroscience, psychology, medicine, engineering and information technology. It was conceived with Naxon Labs' purpose of opening to the world the possibilities of researching the brain. One recent development in BCI has been the creation of portable EEG devices that connect to a computer, tablet or smartphone through Bluetooth, that can really expand the development of applications given this connectivity, and the low cost and non-invasiveness qualities of the device. The new portable devices typically have fewer electrodes, but have the advantage of rapid setting, without the need to use gels and be in a lab, are much cheaper, they can be used in different settings and connect wirelessly to a computer device for example. Naxon Labs had tested several devices and found the best fit in the Muse devices manufactured by Interaxon Inc. in Canada. After some time, Naxon Labs would become Muse Ambassadors and exchanged ideas with several Interaxon’s employees. With the help of ANII, the National Agency for Research and Innovation in Uruguay, Naxon Labs started to create Naxon Explorer. Ximena Camaño, Manager of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at ANII, said that currently, the agency's role is that of a strategic ally with respect to a company that wishes to innovate and, therefore, must "assume a risk" when doing so. "ANII is the ideal partner because it shares financing risk" with the company, so that the organization innovates and gains momentum, she said. “By granting subsidies that are not reimbursable, we are minimizing the risk of wanting to innovate, of doing something different and of trying”. EagerWorks become a key partner of Naxon Labs neuroscientists. Together analyzed the flow of the raw data coming from Muse devices and assembled all data equalized in nice dashboards that enable professionals to record sessions, play them as they need and make annotations. This included the integration of the device through Bluetooth, showing it in real time, working with the cloud platform and backend applications, and doing the analysis of the raw data and its conversion. By May 2020 Naxon Labs launched the Brain to Computer Interface solution to explore the mind: Naxon Explorer. With Naxon Explorer you can visualize, record and analyze brain activity with wireless EEG technology. It incorporates features to organize projects, clients or participants, at the same time you can attach notes, synchronize events and change parameters during recordings. Using this technology, you can save time with automatic blink and artifact detection and display in real time brain wave frequencies per channel or by average. The data captured can be downloaded for further analysis with tools like MATLAB, Brainstorm or EEG Lab. The device can be connected from a PC, a MAC or a tablet with Bluetooth. Naxon Labs started to participate in many global events and created a lot of global connections. Since 2020 Naxon Labs has been participating in the Singapore Slingshot one of Asia’s most exciting deep tech startup encounters. In 2020 Naxon Labs was selected as one of the TOP 500 Global Startups to pitch in Agorize's Slingshot competition. Thanks to this experience, Naxon Labs became part of the Agorize startup community and had access to global startup challenges held by Fortune 500 companies around the world. Astellas Rx+™ Healthcare Innovation Challenge was looking for a technological solution to improve the quality of life of sensory-disabled individuals and people with restricted access to medical care. In the HealthTech, BioTech and MedTech track, Naxon Labs proposed a solution to improve patient outcomes in hospitals’ intensive care units by enhancing patient monitoring capabilities and predicting patient deterioration for early intervention. Many could think that this is something that requires substantial equipment and technology, but only with the use of a Muse device and Naxon Explorer, the brain states of patients can be monitored in real time. In December 2020 Naxon Labs confirmed additional support from ANII, the National Agency for Research and Innovation in Uruguay to develop Naxon Emotions, a platform aiming to monitor, classify, and provide feedback for mental and emotional states. Using Explorer as a basis and by wearing the EEG portable device like Interaxon’s Muse, Emotion would be able to read people’s emotions and cognitive states and translate brain information into objective visual markers of these states. This instrument would allow psychologists and cognitive scientists to measure behavioral responses, providing real time feedback and speeding diagnosis. In this case, Naxon Labs participated in ANII’s program with the help of Initium, an organization in Universidad de Montevideo led by Josefina Maisonnave Aishemberg. Initium promotes the development of leadership, innovation, through courses, programs, and direct services to support entrepreneurs. This organization seeks to promote the entrepreneurial culture as a way of life that people can apply at work, sports, personal activities and develop it within the family and friendship. It also promotes innovation in the Universidad de Montevideo and other institutions through methodologies, aiming to add continuous value and make them different to survive over time. Naxon Labs also received internships from Universidad de Montevideo to extend the use of EEG devices. The assignments included the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to understand and map neural activity. Bulk data coming from the EEG devices is being processed and used for training under different scenarios that help to detect emotional states. At the same time, with a trained neural network, a real time data interface will show these emotions - coming from a person - recorded in the EEG data. This would result in a very helpful outcome for Naxon Emotions product development. In another row, Naxon Labs made an enormous headway by its integration with NeurotechX and the Latam Chapter. The first one is a non-profit organization, leader in local and worldwide technological initiatives. Its mission is to facilitate the advancement of neurotechnology by providing key resources and learning opportunities, and they stand on three pillars: “Community”, “Education”, and “Professional Development”. The association of NeurotechX and Naxon Labs brought to light the interest of many people in Latin America that are now helping and supporting the conception of the Latam Chapter. Mohit Patil, who did his Master's degree, Electrical and Computer Engineering (Signals and Systems) in the University of Florida, contributed significantly to the expansion of NeurotechX and promoted the Latam Chapter across several countries. Bruno Bustos and Andrés Rodríguez Lejsek were among the founders of the Latam Chapter of NeurotechX. In the Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Republic of Uruguay. Federico Romano, Naxon Labs Co-Founder, actively worked with potential users of Naxon Explorer intending to test and validate the use of the platform for different applications. Using the portable EEG headband Muse and Naxon Explorer, Regina Miraldo, a graduate researcher in ORT University in Uruguay, worked with Emotions classification of participants who watched a standard ad aimed at women versus a novel ad under the framework of “femvertising” (advertising that is carried out in favor of women, with messages and images that empower women and girls). Using statistical data analysis, Regina was able to distinguish different brain responses in the participants according to which type of ad they were looking for. This provided Naxon Labs with valuable insights into developing our product Naxon Emotions (How can neurotechnology help in marketing?) On a separate track, investigations were held on how to identify different EEG data patterns that could trigger commands for applications, like manipulating devices or generating instructions. EEG devices can also provide data from an oscilloscope or detect artifact data like muscle movement in the face. Naxon is also working to find different levels of thinking and mind states that could be produced intentionally, which once detected as a pattern can be mapped as a command. These initiatives led to a collaboration with a group of students from the ORT University in Montevideo, Uruguay. For this project, the students started to ideate an innovative way of processing EEG data for new applications by getting the combination of voltages that allows to distinguish ocular activity – like detecting the blink of the eyes and differentiate one from another- and distinguishing the mandibular activity – like detecting the opening of the mouth or the moves of the jaw to both sides. This effort concluded in a first version of Naxon Fabulari, a new initiative for developing forms of communication or control through brain-computer interface technology for people with disabilities. With the help of a low-cost EEG device, which in addition to capturing brain waves can detect facial movements, a person can associate a pattern with a message or action. In this way a person can communicate a phrase or control connected external devices through a gesture (Communication through brain-computer interface technology for people with disabilities). Another feature for Naxon Explorer came in 2021, marking brain reaction to external stimulus through new Naxon Explorer API. With Naxon Labs platform and an EEG device like Interaxon’s Muse, you can create a mark derived from an external event in a sequence of brain activity expressed in waves. Naxon Explorer is a useful tool and neurofeedback system for researchers in Neuroscience, Psychology and Medicine. You can record brain data, get measurements and sessions data that will let you use machine learning and automatic pattern analysis. With the new API, you can analyze brain behavior and its response to an external activity. For example you can expose the brain to certain activity at the same time you inform Naxon Explorer through an API to register the moment accurately. With this, you can analyze the continuous brain waves and check what was the impact of the external event in the brain activity. Among the pioneers using this functionality we highlight a Spanish team from the UIB (Universitat de les Illes Balears), which is working a lot in BCI and RV / AR. They had several projects, and one of the Virtual Reality applications is to evaluate the emotional state of the person and modulate it, for example to control chronic pain in diseases. To do this, they use physiological parameters (heart rate, EDA, etc.). The UIB research team has been working a lot in BCI and VR / AR. They have several projects where they normally apply technology to therapeutic subjects. They have used these technologies with children with CP, Autism, ADHD, etc. Recently they were involved in a national project for the Elderly and social robots. One of the applications of VR was intended to assess the emotional state of the person and modulate it, for example to control chronic pain in diseases. For this, they use physiological parameters (heart rate, EDA, etc). The team also used EEG addressing the challenges of using a VR headset with an EEG headband. The Naxon Explorer API led to strengthen the collaboration with the UIB (Universitat de les Illes Balears ), collaborating with the research team that worked with virtual reality and electroencephalography for modulation of emotional states through visual and auditory stimulus. Combining Virtual Reality and EEG technologies, by adding visual and auditory stimulus, Iker López has created a software application for the modulation of emotional states with binaural waves and neurofeedback techniques. As part of his graduation work as Computer Science Engineer in the Escola Politècnica Superior of Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Iker López de Suso Sánchez developed a software application motivated by providing technological support for mental health care, combining software games with Unity and Virtual Reality. Iker worked under the supervision of Dr. Francisco José Perales López and Dr. José María Buades Rubio in the program 2020/2021 in the city of Palma, Majorca, Spain. 2021 ended with FIBRAS in Uruguay, to promote projects of social impact and technology. Naxon Labs became part of Fibras as a founding member, an ecosystem made up of several organizations in Uruguay joining forces to create social impact through different disciplines. On November 29th, 2021, Fibras became an official Civil Association: an ecosystem where people, companies and organizations come together to support and accelerate projects and ideas using technology as a platform to generate social impact in the following dimensions: The projects that are being promoted by Fibras and their members can be explored at https://fibras.org/proyectos/ During April 2022, Naxon Labs attended the Campus Party in Punta del Este, as a featured tool in the booth of Presenza. This is the largest technology event in the world, bringing together 83 editions in 15 countries, where youngsters, companies, communities, and various institutions come together to live an incredible experience of innovation and creativity. The event took place from March 31st to April 2nd, 2022, at the Convention Center in Punta del Este, Uruguay, and gathered about 9,000 people. Presenza is an ecosystem that aims to democratize access to psychotherapy. This space provides tools to psychologists and patients to grow according to their needs and preferences, that is why they offer services such as psychotherapy, psychodiagnosis, vocational guidance, or neuropsychological evaluation. In this Campus Party’s edition, Presenza’s representatives received countless visits at the stand, where those interested were able to perform a one-minute guided meditation -individually-, reaching high deep relaxation levels. In addition, thanks to the use of the Muse headbands and the Naxon Explorer platform, they were able to analyze the levels of dispersion and relaxed attention of the participants. Federica Ferrari and Lucia Mateu, Co-Founders of Presenza said: “We truly feel that marrying psychology and technology ultimately benefits greatly all the people getting treatment. Tools like Naxon Labs’ empower people by giving them factual information about their integral health status and providing treatment suggestions and mindfulness tips”. They also talked about mental health and neuroscience, and informed on the application of technology in these areas. They explained how biofeedback is obtained, what are its benefits, and how it impacts in terms of rights and accessibility. Federica and Lucia added that “Naxon Labs shares our love for wellness and democratizing mental health accessibility, so working with them was a no brainer and we were fascinated by people's response to Muse’s headbands and Naxon’s user friendly interpretative software. It was amazing to see people connect over mental health and we hope to keep doing it over and over”. Another interesting research in Europe has been started at the University of Aveiro in Portugal. Under the direction of Rui Raposo in the Department of Communication and Art, a team has been researching with the application of Virtual Reality in Reminiscence therapy combining Naxon Labs products. In future notes we will talk more about these and new initiatives, Brain Gyms, internships in the Middle East, universities and featured users in North America, Europe and Asia, and more EEG devices integrated with Naxon Labs tools.

Brain week in France: a view from Lyon

Organized every year in March since 1999, Brain Week is coordinated in France by the Society of Neurosciences. This international event, organized simultaneously in a hundred countries and more than 120 cities in France, aims to raise public awareness of the importance of brain research. This is an opportunity for many volunteer researchers, doctors and students to meet the public and share with them the advances obtained in neuroscience research laboratories, to present the challenges for the knowledge of the brain and the implications for our society. Throughout this week, the general public was able to meet researchers to get to know the brain better and learn about current research. It is a spectacular event by its national and international dimension, by the number of people mobilized, by the public success encountered, and by the quality of its programming. From March 14th to 20th, 2022, the neuroscience ecosystem met, discussed and debated on the brain and more broadly on "neuro-info" as part of the 24th edition of Brain Week. Brain Week is the mobilization of the entire neuroscience community in more than 100 countries around the world. Dr. Annie Andrieux, President of the Neuroscience Society in France, remarked that “in France, with 800 researchers and research actors within nearly 40 local committees throughout the territory, the people could attend evenings with entertainment, conferences, debates or even shows. In 2021, most of the events took place virtually, this year, the exchanges took place either face-to-face or digitally”. “The brain has always been passionate, it participates in all our vital functions (eating, sleeping, etc.) but also in other more “superfluous” activities such as laughing, feeling, loving… This fascinating brain can be approached in so many different ways”. “The inaugural national conference took place in Grenoble this year, on the theme “Brain, electro musician”. Music is universal, it is present in all cultures, wherever there is human. During this evening, classical music, improvised music and detection of brain waves were skillfully mixed. This musical experience of real-time brainwave music created a unique concert”, indicated Dr. Annie Andrieux. In Lyon there were many activities that we present in the following section, as the city prepares for NeuroFrance 2023, on May 24-26th, 2023. After 2021’s virtual event, Lyon will present a real-live full conference with a varied scientific programme, mentoring sessions for young researchers, interventions from clubs and affiliated research groupings, a trade exhibition and a social programme that will allow attendees to continue their conversations in a relaxed atmosphere. BRAIN WEEK ON STAGE: Nose to nose - The 5 senses. Smells have unsuspected powers, they act on our brain at the same time as they strike our heart. Through this creation, the poet and the scientist become the instigators of a new contemporary ritual that puts man face to face with his mystery in the midst of the clouds and vapors of his imagination. Nose to nose, olfactory experience, is a show for the senses, in which smells play the leading role. They invite themselves into the stage space and infiltrate inside the spectators. This is the starting point of an intimate and introspective journey. Smells come to awaken a world populated by memories and fantasies and offer a space of freedom for our imaginations. This Center Imaginaire show was created in close collaboration with the Center for Neuroscience Research in Lyon. It was held in CCO La Rayonne, 24B Rrue Alfred de Musset, 69100 Villeurbanne, and the speakers were Nathalie Buonviso and Alexandra Veyrac, CNRS researchers at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center. At the end of the performance, the scientists involved (Nathalie and Alexandra) and the members of the company offered a time for discussion. “THE NOSE-TO-NOSE MULTI-SENSORY EXPERIENCE RESTORES THE EMBLEM OF THIS UNKNOWN SENSE IN MAN. EMOTIONS ARE AVOIDED BY A SCENARIO WHERE THE SMELL IS CHALLENGED BY SOUNDS, MUSIC, LIGHTS, BREATHS. » THE 7TH ART IN THE BRAIN WEEK: Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind: is memory a hard disk? “Joël and Clémentine only see the bad sides of their tumultuous love story, to the point that Clémentine has all traces of this relationship erased from her memory. Collapsed, Joël contacts the inventor of the Lacuna process, Dr. Mierzwiak, so that he can also eradicate from his memory everything that linked him to Clémentine.” Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind is a film by Michel Gondry (2013) starring Jim Carrey, Kate Winslet and Kirsten Dunst. The screening at Aquarium Ciné Café, 10 rue Dumont, 69004 (La Croix-Rousse, Lyon) was be followed by a discussion with Hanna Chainay, professor of neuropsychology and cognitive psychology at Lyon 2 University, specialist in the link between memory and emotions. She is head of the “Memory, emotion, attention” team in the Study of Cognitive Mechanisms laboratory. WHY ARE YOU LOOKING AT ME LIKE THAT? THE CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH TO THE SERVICE OF PSYCHIATRY A conference about understanding the brain, held at the Ludgunum, Roman museum and theatre, 17 Rue Cléberg, 69005 Lyon. Perceiving and detecting the gaze of others is an essential factor for social interactions, right from birth. What do we know fundamentally about the development of gaze perception and detection in neuro-typical development? How atypicalities lead to behavioral particularities and can be the first symptoms of psychiatric disorders? Conducted by: Marine Fabrowski, psychiatrist at GénoPsy – Reference Center for Rare Diseases (Le Vinatier Hospital Centre), ADIS university hospital center (Autism and Intellectual Disabilities), iMIND Center Marie-Noëlle Babinet, neuropsychologist at GénoPsy – Reference Center for Rare Diseases (Le Vinatier Hospital Centre), ADIS university hospital center (Autism and Intellectual Disabilities), iMIND Center and doctoral student in the Study of Cognitive Mechanisms laboratory HALLUCINATIONS: BETWEEN NORMAL PERCEPTION AND PATHOLOGIES A round table and debate about understanding the brain, held at CNRS Rhône Auvergne, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, 69100, in Villeurbanne. What do we know about hallucinations? These manifestations are associated with many pathologies, and understanding them contributes to better care for those concerned. But their study also allows us to better understand the functioning of conscious, perceptual and subjective human experience. So why do we hallucinate? Conducted by: Sara Salgae, doctoral student in cognitive psychology at the Laboratory of Cognitive Mechanisms Marie-Noëlle Babinet, neuropsychologist at GénoPsy – Reference Center for Rare Diseases (Le Vinatier Hospital Centre), ADIS hospital-university center (Autism and Intellectual Disabilities), iMIND Center and doctoral student in the Study of Cognitive Mechanisms laboratory Priscille Perraud, student in Master 2 Cognitive psychology of learning, University Lumière Lyon 2 CHILD CARE IN 2022: FRAGILE CARE! A conference about brain and society, held at the town hall of the 8th arrondissement, Espace Citoyen, 12 avenue Jean Mermoz, 69008 Lyon. In a hyper-connected and information overloaded world, staying attentive to a task becomes almost mission impossible. Children are at the forefront of this societal transformation, with particular consequences for their learning. This conference invited to reclaim the attention with two specialists in attention disorders in children. It was discussed in particular: the main characteristics of this function, essential to the regulation of our behavior and the development of learning, as well as the different brain networks that underlie it. They explained how attention, which relies on a delicate balance, can be undermined by our way of life, emphasizing in particular the importance of sleep. So many elements to try to answer this big question: is it possible to be attentive in 2022? Marine Thieux and Vania Herbillon presented a research project carried out in collaboration between the Hôpital Femme Mère-Enfant and the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center which aims to capture the micro-fluctuations of vigilance in order to explore their impact on attentional functioning during of the day. Conducted by: Marine Thieux, doctoral student in neuroscience at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Vania Herbillon, psychologist specializing in neuropsychology in the Epilepsy and Sleep department and Functional Neuropediatric Explorations of the Woman Mother-Child Hospital, member of the Center for Research in Neurosciences of Lyon HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE: THE DOCTOR FACING PAIN, 16TH-18TH CENTURIES Exhibition at the media library of Vaise, place Valmy, 69009 Lyon. Pain management is sometimes perceived as a novelty, a practice neglected in the past. However, pain is already a subject of concern in the 16th-18th centuries. Even if the medicine of that time is partly powerless to remedy it, doctors often mention it and always seek to relieve it. Dwelling on the period of the 16th-18th centuries allows us to disorient our gaze on this problem: the detour through the past contributes to the renewal of current questions and practices. This exhibition, under the scientific direction of Raphaële Andrault and Ariane Bayle, members of the Institute for the History of Representations and Ideas in Modernity, included interviews with neurologists, pain specialists. It can also be discovered online in a web documentary version. This web documentary is the result of multidisciplinary research work (literature, language, history and philosophy). It was born from an observation: when one reads the medical texts of the 16th-18th centuries, one is struck by the omnipresence of the problem of pain, which goes against the widespread idea according to which the pain would not have been a real concern for physicians and philosophers before the end of the 18th century. Researchers, by crossing various sources (texts, images, music), bring to light recurring questions, which undo some of our prejudices and which sometimes resonate more strongly than one could imagine with today's medicine. today. An exhibition at the Rockefeller Health BU (Lyon), presented to the public in the winter of 2020-2021, made it possible to show an initial state of this research. It is developed in this web documentary, consisting of a virtual exhibition, works from the period (to read and listen to), as well as interviews with neurologists. These filmed interviews confront old and contemporary conceptions of pain: they show in particular that the problem of the signs of pain and of the language used to express it still remains an object of exploration, both for medical sciences and for the humanities. OTHER EVENTS BRAIN AND SOCIETY: BRAIN AND COGNITION: THEIR ROLES IN MOBILITY The research of the Ergonomics and Cognitive Sciences for Transport Laboratory (LESCOT) aims to understand humans in a situation of displacement to allow mobility adapted to their needs. This visit allowed to discover various equipment used by scientists: functional near infrared spectroscopy, which measures a person's brain activity and the driving simulator. Venue: Gustave Eiffel University-Lyon Campus, City of Mobility, 25 avenue François Mitterrand, 69500 Bron BRAIN AND ART: SECRETS OF THE GLASS ARMONICA Conference at the Confluence Museum, 86 quai Perrache, 69002 Lyon An ancient instrument as rare as it is mysterious, the glass armonica raises many questions. Discover the secrets of this fascinating musical object, from its mode of production of sounds to their perception by our brain. This conference will be followed by an exceptional concert, a unique opportunity to hear the glass armonica within rarely performed classical works. Conducted by: Sébastien Ollivier, teacher-researcher at the University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and member of the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics (LMFA) Nicolas Grimault, CNRS research director and member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL) with the complicity of Thomas Bloch, musician HOW THE BRAIN WORKS: THE BRAIN MAKES ITS WORLD: THE ILLUSION OF REALITY Conference at the Confluence Museum, 86 quai Perrache, 69002 Lyon Is the world really as we see it? Through amazing optical illusions, this lecture will give you some secrets about our brain and how our perceptual abilities are built from our personal experience, and how much it affects our relationship to each other... Conducted by Yves Rossetti, teacher-researcher at the University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center EMOTIONS: IS IT IN MY HEAD? Conference at the Part-Dieu municipal library, 30 boulevard Marius Vivier-Merle, 69003 Lyon, conducted by Sylvain Delplanque, researcher at the Interfaculty Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva. The fact that we sometimes cry of joy at the happy ending of a romantic comedy, that we have difficulty falling asleep because of stress, that we feel serene during a walk in the forest … emotions are at the heart of our daily lives, and sometimes feel like a roller coaster. The key to our emotional states lies at the heart of our most complex organ, the brain. How can we identify our emotions, describe them, study them? What strategies can be put in place to regulate them? SLEEP: UPDATE ON CHILDREN'S SLEEP IN 2022! On the occasion of the 22nd Sleep Day, an afternoon of meetings was offered. Child snorer, insomnia, impact of screens on sleep... many thematic presentations provided an overview of current topics of interest on children's sleep. Held at 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, conducted by Patricia Franco, pediatric neurologist, Sleep Unit, ESEFNP, HCL/HFME & INSERM 1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon 1 University Claude Gronfier, neurobiologist, INSERM researcher, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Priscille Bierme, pneumopediatric allergist, Woman Mother Child Hospital Florian Lecuelle, psychologist, Woman Mother Child Hospital, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Stéphanie Mazza, professor of neuropsychology, Reshape laboratory (Research on Healthcare Performance), Lyon 1 University It included the following sessions: The sleep of children aged 6 months to 10 years and their parents – results of the 2022 INSV/OpinionWay survey in France. C. Gronfier, Neurobiologist, INSERM researcher, Specialist in circadian rhythms What to do in front of a snoring child? P. Bierme, Allergist pneumopediatrician, Woman Mother Child Hospital, Lyon Insomnia in children: Therapeutic approaches. F. Lecuelle, Psychologist, cognitive-behavioral therapy specialist, HFME, Lyon Impact of screens on sleep. P. Franco, Neuropaediatrician, child sleep specialist, Woman Mother Child Hospital, Lyon Sleep, children and school. S. Mazza, Professor of Neuropsychology, Reshape laboratory (Research on Healthcare Performance) U1290, University Lyon 1 What does the French Longitudinal Study from Childhood (ELFE) teach us about the sleep of young French children? S. Plancoulaine, Public Health Physician, Sleep Physician, Epidemiologist, Research Team on the Early Determinants of Health (EAROH), U1153, INSERM, University of Paris THE SICK BRAIN: BRAIN STIMULATION IN PSYCHIATRY, AN INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTIC: MEETING THE PSYR² RESEARCH TEAM The PsyR² team of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center opened its doors for two half-days on the theme of brain stimulation in psychiatry: how stimulating the brain can treat and better understand psychiatric illnesses. Several workshops were offered to present their work: demonstration of techniques, testimonials, scientific speed-dating. At the Center Hospitalier Le Vinatier, building 416-1st floor, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, conducted by: Marine Mondino, neuroscience researcher, member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Frédéric Haesebaert, neuroscience researcher, member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Jérôme Brunelin, lecturer and hospital practitioner, neuroscience researcher, member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Delphine Janin, clinical research nurse, member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Leslie Wallart, executive assistant Ondine Adam, Laure Fivel and Laëtitia Imbert, doctoral students at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center BRAIN AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: FIVE NEWS FROM THE BRAIN As researchers gradually uncover the mysteries of the human brain, the race is on between human intelligence and artificial intelligence. Five Brain Stories takes us to the heart of today's science, discovering the work of five scientists, at the crossroads between the brain, consciousness and artificial intelligence. A the Le Comoedia cinema, 13 avenue Berthelot, 69007 Lyon, it was presented a film directed by Jean-Stéphane Bron (cinema release March 16, 2022) The screening of the documentary was followed by a discussion with Emanuelle Reynaud, teacher-researcher in cognitive sciences and Amélie Cordier, researcher and president of the Lyon-iS-Ai association, both specialists in artificial intelligence. Emanuelle Reynaud, lecturer at Lyon 2 University and member of the Cognitive Mechanisms Study laboratory Amélie Cordier, lecturer at Lyon 1 University, scientific director of OFA and president of the Lyon-iS-Ai association THE 5 SENSES: FROM SOUND PERCEPTION TO AUDITIVE ILLUSIONS Sound perception involves mechanisms that make it possible to transcribe acoustic vibrations into relevant information for our senses. Under certain conditions, for example when there is a lot of noise, the acoustic information received may be imperfect or degraded, and other cognitive mechanisms then take over to fill this information gap. Our brain also constructs a mental representation of the perceived sound: what is its nature, where does it come from in space, what does it mean? This event was intended for inmates of the Villefranche-sur-Saône Penitentiary Center - it was not open to the general public (260 Rue Lavoisier, 69400 Villefranche-sur-Saône). Two scientists from the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center gave all the keys to understanding what happens in our brain when we perceive a sound, and you can realize that what we hear is the result of our experience, and does not correspond always to the reality of the sounds emitted. Amazing visual and auditory illusions could be discovered. Conducted by: Nicolas Grimault, CNRS research director and member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Fabien Perrin, lecturer at Lyon 1 University and member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE: PAIN AND THE BRAIN: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES / CURRENT PERSPECTIVES Media library of Vaise, place Valmy, 69009 Lyon Raphaële Andrault, philosopher and historian of science, Institute for the History of Representations and Ideas in Modernity Luis Garcia-Larrea, neurobiologist, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center How is pain transmitted to the brain? What exactly is going on in the brain when my hand hurts? These questions, studied today by neurophysiology, have a long history. In the 16th century, for example, surgeons, physicians and philosophers wondered about the role of the brain in pain, starting from a surprising observation: some people with amputated hands felt pain in the same hand, although lost during of the operation. It was put into perspective ancient and modern knowledge about pain, described both persistent misunderstandings and brilliant intuitions about the role of the brain in the complexity of pain sensation, and showed how certain current ideas respond to the discourse of our predecessors. UNDERSTANDING THE BRAIN: COMA, WHEN REALITY EXCEEDS FICTION From hordes of zombies roaming the streets of a devastated city in slow motion to patients leaping from their hospital beds in an instant upon waking up after years of a vegetative state, from a brain speaking from a jar to a perfect consciousness locked in an inert body, the representation of the coma and more generally of consciousness in the cinema very often stems from a fantasized imagination. What really happens in the brain during a coma? How can scientific research help intensive care physicians improve patient care? Based on extracts from films and series, two neuroscientists offered a journey between fiction and reality, to explore the functioning of our brain during these episodes of altered consciousness. Florent Gobert, neuro-resuscitator doctor at the HCL (Neurological Hospital) and researcher at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Maude Beaudoin, post-doctoral researcher at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center At the CNRS Rhône Auvergne, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne BRAIN AND SPORT: ANTS IN THE LEGS: MOVING IS GOOD FOR HEALTH Claude Bernard Museum, 414 route du Musée, 69640 Saint-Julien The benefits of physical activity, even light, are no longer to be proven. Every movement in daily life has an impact on health. It was an invitation to share a bucolic stroll around the Claude Bernard Museum, in the heart of the Beaujolais vineyard and appreciate local products. Valérie Gaveau, lecturer at the University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, member of the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, conducted the conference-debate "The thousand and one movements to become one with our environment". NEUROSURGERY: 30 MINUTES HEALTH SHOW. PARKINSON, TREMBLING, OCD: THE EXPLOITS OF SURGERY RADIO-TV SHOW, Paris: a program hosted by Paul de Brem and offered on the occasion of Brain Week – March 14 to March 20, 2022 Pierre Jannin, Inserm Research Director, Medical Imaging Researcher, LTSI Laboratory, MediCIS Team, Inserm UMR 1099 - University of Rennes 1 Claire Haegelen, neurosurgeon at the Hospices Civils de Lyon, specialist in deep brain stimulation Daniel Quatreboeufs, patient To see the tremor of his hands stop when he is awake, thanks to a high-frequency current injected by an electrode into a very precise region of his deep brain, is a miracle! For 15 years, Pierre Jannin has been developing computer-assisted neurosurgery software tools that he developed with his team at the Signal and Image Processing laboratory in Rennes. For this program, he was surrounded by Claire Haegelen, neurosurgeon at the Lyon University Hospital, and a patient who has benefited from deep brain stimulation technology. BRAIN AND ART: BRAIN AND MUSIC ROUND TABLE at Pasteur Institute, 28 Rue du Doctor Roux, 75015 Paris It accompanies us everywhere and almost always, takes the most varied forms, transports us, impregnates our brain, moves us and makes our bodies dance. Music is one of the most fascinating art forms that continues to attract the interest of neuroscientists. Our brain is irreducibly musical. How are musical sound elements created and travel through our brain? Does listening to and playing music have any influence on brain development and that of our cognitive functions such as language, memory, empathy? What if music was more than just entertainment for the majority of us? But what about the 4 to 5% of the world population who bring together people with amusia for whom rhythms, melodies and harmonies do not reveal any meaning, without these same people showing hearing deficits, language disorders or behavioral problems in general. Would humanity and its cultural diversities have taken the same paths without music? Just as it unites and brings people together, music mobilizes a set of brain circuits that underlie various functions, the auditory, motor, visual, tactile areas, emotions and memories. Finally, for several years, there seems to be a particular interest in seeing music as a potential ally in the care of certain patients (premature children, subjects with neurodegenerative diseases, autistic disorders, etc.). The conference-debate 'Neurosciences and Music' was held at the Institut Pasteur on March 19th, 2022 and aimed to solicit various specialists in neuroscience, listening and musical practice, on these many questions that arouses the music and our brain. Emmanuel Bigand, Burgundy Franche-Comté University Séverine Feron, director of the 6th Jean-Philippe Rameau conservatory, musicologist and associate researcher at the Center Georges Chevrier of the University of Burgundy, Paris Laura Ferreri, Lumière Lyon 2 University Boris Gourevitch, Hearing Institute, Paris Pierre Legrain, Pasteur Institute, Pasteur Institute, Paris Nicolas Michalski, Hearing Institute, Paris Alain Perez, journalist SLEEP: WHY DO WE DREAM AND MEDITATE? Why do we have to sleep? How is sleep triggered? Why do we dream and what are our dreams for even if they are sometimes forgotten when we wake up? Are the states of mindfulness meditation related to those recognized in our sleep? Finally, what are their impacts on our well-being? These are the many questions that were addressed during this evening debate as part of Brain Week 2022 in the presence of two speakers from the Lyon Neuroscience Center, Pierre-Hervé Luppi and Antoine Lutz, at 10 rue de Concy, 91330 Yerres THE SICK BRAIN: STIMULATING THE BRAIN TO TREAT AND BETTER UNDERSTAND HALLUCINATIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA CONFERENCE at the Tours City Hall 1 to 3 rue des Minimes – 37000 Tours Dr Marine Mondino, Le Vinatier Hospital Center, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/ CNRS UMR5292 / Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University Hearing voices, also called auditory hallucinations, is common in people with schizophrenia. The voices heard are often experienced as distressing or threatening. In one out of four patients, these voices are not or not sufficiently reduced by existing treatments. The work aims to better understand the mechanisms involved in the appearance of these symptoms in order to develop new therapeutic strategies and improve the overall care of patients with schizophrenia. In particular, they study what happens in the brain when these voices arise. They are also studying how this phenomenon is associated with confusing our imagination or thoughts with real events. To do this, they use techniques that allow to modify brain activity in a transient, safe and painless way. During this conference, there were presented these stimulation techniques and how they use them in psychiatry, both to study the functioning of the brain and to modify its dysfunctions in order to reduce the symptoms. Winner of the Young Researcher Prize of the Thérèse and René Planiol Foundation, Marine Modino received her Prize before the conference. EMOTIONS AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR What is the link between emotion recognition and social behavior? Children's ability to recognize emotions (facial and vocal transmission) is an essential factor for social interactions, especially in the context of genetic pathologies. So what do we know about the links between emotion recognition, social behavior and psychiatric pathologies? Laboratory involved: Study of cognitive mechanisms laboratory (EMC – Lyon 2 University) Speaker: Marie-Noëlle Babinet, neuropsychologist at GénoPsy – CRMR (Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier) and doctoral student in the Study of Cognitive Mechanisms laboratory (EMC – Lyon 2 University) Location: Gerland Library, 34 Rue Jacques Monod, Lyon POP’SCIENCES MAG – “UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONS” They exalt our daily lives and constitute the cornerstone of the exchanges between our brain, our body and what surrounds us. Emotions are today the subject of numerous research works which aim to identify their mechanisms, their origins and the way in which they influence our actions. In light of recent advances in the field, we are better prepared than ever to manage and master them. But aren't we also better equipped to counterfeit them, create them, even manipulate them? For Brain Week, the University of Lyon invited to question the mechanics of our emotions, and those we share with others, through a new edition of its Pop'Sciences Mag "Under the influence of emotions”, to discover online or in paper version. https://popsciences.universite-lyon.fr/theme/cerveau-emotions/ https://cellar-c2.services.clever-cloud.com/s3.popsciences.universite-lyon.fr/uploads/2022/03/udl_psm-hs_emotions2022.pdf Pop'Sciences Mag aims to decipher major societal and topical issues through the lighting of different scientific perspectives. This issue proposed on the occasion of Brain Week was produced by the Pop'Sciences team and the local steering committee of the event, under the scientific direction of Rémi Gervais, professor emeritus of the University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and member of the Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon. The mysteries of the human brain deciphered in Lyon Rémi Gervais, professor emeritus of neurosciences in Lyon, is the guest of 6 minutes chrono. As scientific advisor to Brain Week in Lyon, he detailed the event and underlined the importance of neuroscience. An article by GUILLAUME LAMY https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/l-hyperconnexion-des-enfants-au-menu-de-la-semaine-du-cerveau-a-lyon References: https://www.neurosciences.asso.fr/ https://www.insb.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/semaine-du-cerveau-2022-les-biologistes-du-cnrs-se-mobilisent https://www.cco-villeurbanne.org/mercredi-de-lautre-soie-semaine-du-cerveau/

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